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The role of actin cytoskeleton in the targeting of auxin carriers to the plasma membrane.
Kebrlová, Štěpánka ; Petrášek, Jan (advisor) ; Pernisová, Markéta (referee)
Auxin plays an important morphogenic role in plant development, mainly through its effect on gene expression, but also through a number of faster processes that are directly dependent on its concentration. Therefore, in many plant tissues, directional auxin transport using specific transporters in the plasma membrane, is important for the coordination of morphogenic stimuli. The amount of auxin carriers in the plasma membrane directly affects the resulting auxin concentration inside the cell. Although the localization of auxin transporters and their abundance in the plasma membrane could be determined primarily by the actin cytoskeleton and its involvement in vesicle transport processes, this relationship is currently still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we were interested in how the localization and function of auxin transporters is affected when the function of the actin cytoskeleton is affected in a given cell type. To this end, the localization of the auxin transporters PIN3, PIN4, PIN7, and AUX1 was studied in epidermal cells of cotyledons in young seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana whose morphogenesis was affected by mutations in subunits of the actin nucleation complex ARP2/3. Crosses of mutants in the ARP2/3 complex subunits with marker lines carrying fluorescently labeled auxin carriers...
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The role of cytoskeleton in auxin transport
Kebrlová, Štěpánka ; Petrášek, Jan (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
Auxins are a class of plant hormones (phytohormones) with their most frequently endogenously occurring representative indol-3-acetic acid (IAA). Because of their influence on division and elongation of cells, auxins play an important role in many developmental and physiological processes such as embryo development, vascular tissue patterning and tropisms. These effects are often mediated by polar auxin transport, which results in a wide variety of auxin concentrations in cells and entire tissues. Transport of auxin from cell to cell is partly mediated by diffusion, the prevalence of auxin transport is however mediated by auxin carriers located on plasma membrane (PM). Among such carriers belong AUX1/LAX (AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUX1) transporter family, which helps with auxin influx and families of PIN-FORMED (PIN) and ABCB/PGP (ATP-binding cassette subfamily B/P-glycoprotein) transporters, which take part in auxin efflux. These proteins are in various degrees dependent on a system of membrane vesicles, trafficking along actin cytoskeleton, which ensures among others cycling of these vesicles among PM and endosomal cell space. Regulation of auxin transport is possible on multiple levels including influencing of gene expression for carrier proteins and regulation of their localization, activity and...
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